TOP 7 regions of Kazakhstan by irrigation area
At the end of 2019, the area of irrigated land in Kazakhstan with water infrastructure was 1 million 546 thousand hectares. It provides more than 40% of the country's crop production.
At the same time, only 14% of the area (210.4 thousand hectares) uses modern drip and sprinkler irrigation. The remaining areas are watered by outdated uneconomical methods – continuous flooding and surface irrigation. As a result, the average yield on irrigated land in Kazakhstan is 2-4 times lower than in other countries.
At the same time, only 14% of the area (210.4 thousand hectares) uses modern drip and sprinkler irrigation. The remaining areas are watered by outdated uneconomical methods – continuous flooding and surface irrigation. As a result, the average yield on irrigated land in Kazakhstan is 2-4 times lower than in other countries.
Mostly, irrigated land is concentrated in the southern regions: about 38% of it is in the Turkestan region, 29% – in the Almaty region, 14% – in the Kyzylorda region and 8% – in the Zhambyl region. According to the types of agricultural crops, the shares of irrigated arable land were divided as follows:
Note that according to the Ministry of agriculture, in 2016, the country's regular irrigation area was 1 million 460 thousand hectares (for comparison, in 1991 – 2.3 million). In this regard, the State program of agricultural development of Kazakhstan were made during five years (2017 – 2021) by improving the irrigation infrastructure to restore 610 thousand ha of irrigated arable land. A budget of 270 billion tenge was set for this purpose.
In the period from 2017 to 2018, 80 thousand hectares of irrigated land were restored. At the same time, only 37.7 thousand hectares of this area were used for their intended purpose: in Aktobe region – 1.4 thousand hectares, in Almaty-11.3 thousand hectares, in Zhambyl – 20.4 thousand hectares, in Karaganda – 0.63 thousand hectares, in North Kazakhstan-1.6 thousand hectares, in East Kazakhstan – 2.32 thousand hectares.
In 2019, another 66 thousand hectares were restored. in 2020, it is planned to restore another 182 thousand hectares.
In 2019 there was conducted monitoring of meliorative condition of irrigated lands in the area of 1 million hectares. 560,9 As "good" was evaluated as 743,8 thousand hectares (47%) of irrigated arable land, as "satisfactory" – 495 thsd ha (32%) as "not satisfactory" – 322,1 thousand hectares (21%).
At the same time, it was found that not all areas are used for growing crops.
In 2019, another 66 thousand hectares were restored. in 2020, it is planned to restore another 182 thousand hectares.
In 2019 there was conducted monitoring of meliorative condition of irrigated lands in the area of 1 million hectares. 560,9 As "good" was evaluated as 743,8 thousand hectares (47%) of irrigated arable land, as "satisfactory" – 495 thsd ha (32%) as "not satisfactory" – 322,1 thousand hectares (21%).
At the same time, it was found that not all areas are used for growing crops.
The Turkestan region
The total area of irrigated land in the region is 573.9 thousand hectares, of which 509.1 thousand hectares were used for agricultural crops in 2019, 64.8 thousand hectares were not used (11%).
The land was not used for the following reasons: close occurrence of ground water – 4.9 thousand hectares, salinization-10.5 thousand hectares, low water availability-15.7 thousand hectares, various economic and financial reasons-33.7 thousand hectares.
In the structure of cultivated areas on irrigated lands, the largest area was occupied by cotton crops – 131.3 thousand hectares, vegetables, melons, potatoes-117.7 thousand hectares, forage crops-105.4 thousand hectares, cereals-68.6 thousand hectares, perennial grasses-63.5 thousand hectares. 3.5 thousand hectares were used for rice crops. The average yield of cotton in the region was 26.5 C / ha, potatoes-204.5 C / ha, cereals-25.7 C / ha, rice-71.2 C / ha.
Almaty region
The total area of irrigated land in Almaty region in 2019 was 583.1 thousand hectares, of which 479.4 thousand hectares were used for agricultural crops, 103.7 thousand hectares were not used (18%). The reasons for not developing irrigated land were: flooding and waterlogging - on an area of 6.4 thousand hectares.g a, salinity of the soil cover – 5.5 thousand hectares, economic and financial reasons-65.1 thousand hectares, failures of the irrigation network-26.7 thousand hectares.
On irrigated lands, oilseeds were cultivated on an area of 169.0 thousand hectares, cereals-80.1 thousand hectares, vegetables, melons, potatoes-76.2 thousand hectares, technical - 11.2 thousand hectares, rice crops were occupied by 10.3 thousand hectares. The average yield of soybeans was 20.8 C / ha, wheat-18.8 C / ha, corn for grain-77.8 C / ha, rice-41.6 C/ha, sugar beet – 366.0 C / ha.
Kyzylorda region
The total irrigated area of the region is of 251.0 thousand hectares, of which crops were used 194,5 hectares In 2019 were not used 56.5 thousand hectares of irrigated lands due to: flooding of land – 4,2 thousand hectares, saline – 0.3 thousand ha, malfunction of irrigation and collector-drainage systems is 1.3 hectares, not the security of the command of irrigation canals cheques over 3 thousand hectares and on various economic and financial reasons – 47.7 thousand hectares.
The structure of the area under cultivation was dominated by cereals, vegetables, and forage crops. Grain crops occupied 97.4 thousand hectares of land, of which the area with rice crops reached 87.9 thousand hectares. The average yield of rice was 60.3 C / ha, corn for grain-36 C / ha, winter wheat-25.6 C / ha, barley-8.4 C/ha, millet – 28 C/ha, perennial grasses – 49.5 C/ha, potatoes – 167.5 C / ha.
Zhambyl region
The total area of controlled irrigated land (six administrative districts) in the region is 140.2 thousand hectares, of which 124.8 thousand hectares were used for various crops, and 15.4 thousand hectares (11%) were not used. The land was not used for the reasons: the poor state of on-farm irrigation system – 11,25 thousand ha and salinity of soil is 3.3 thousand hectares, flooding and waterlogging – 0,05 hectares, according to economic-financial reasons – 0.8 hectares. The largest area of unused land was located in the shusky and Talas districts.
In the structure of sown areas, the largest share was occupied by forage crops – 56.3 thousand hectares, vegetables, melons and potatoes were cultivated on 31 thousand hectares, cereals-11.6 thousand hectares and perennial grasses on an area of 5.6 thousand hectares. The average yield of sugar beet reached 301 C / ha, corn for grain-67.5 C / ha, wheat-24.1 C / ha.
Pavlodar region
The total area of irrigated land in the region is 70 thousand hectares . Of these, 50,463 ha were used in 2019.
Including cereals - 11,981 ha, oilseeds-3,503 ha, fodder - 17,669 ha, potatoes-12,241 ha, vegetables and melons-5,069 ha. The area of vapors is 2,065 ha.
In total, 462 units of machinery and equipment for irrigation are used in the region, including 237 units with dispersed irrigation technology from leading foreign companies in Europe, the United States, Canada, and Spain.
According to the Department of agriculture, the region analyzed and identified promising areas for the development of regular irrigation, which will increase the area of irrigation to 144.4 thousand hectares. In total, the region has developed nine projects for 18.8 billion tenge for the introduction of 28.9 thousand hectares of irrigation.
Aktobe region
In Aktobe region, the total area of used land for regular irrigation in 2019 was 29.8 thousand hectares, where potatoes, vegetables,melons, berries and feed were planted and harvested.
At the same time, the region's farms actively use the most modern irrigation technologies: ground and underground drip irrigation, splinker irrigation and sprinkling.
By 2021, it is planned to increase the used area of regular irrigation land in the region to 100 thousand hectares.
Karaganda region
To date, out of the available 91.6 thousand hectares of irrigated land in the region, 61.6 thousand hectares are assigned to agricultural formations. in 2019, 21.6 thousand hectares, or 23%, were sown.
Starting from 2020, the project for the reconstruction and modernization of irrigation systems plans to restore 27.9 thousand hectares of irrigated land, which will increase the area of their use to 50 thousand hectares, or 54.5% of the total area.
In the future, these areas will be used for growing forage crops – 18 thousand hectares(65%), potatoes – 8 thousand hectares (28.6%) and vegetables – 1.9 thousand hectares (6.4%).The Turkestan region
The total area of irrigated land in the region is 573.9 thousand hectares, of which 509.1 thousand hectares were used for agricultural crops in 2019, 64.8 thousand hectares were not used (11%).
The land was not used for the following reasons: close occurrence of ground water – 4.9 thousand hectares, salinization-10.5 thousand hectares, low water availability-15.7 thousand hectares, various economic and financial reasons-33.7 thousand hectares.
In the structure of cultivated areas on irrigated lands, the largest area was occupied by cotton crops – 131.3 thousand hectares, vegetables, melons, potatoes-117.7 thousand hectares, forage crops-105.4 thousand hectares, cereals-68.6 thousand hectares, perennial grasses-63.5 thousand hectares. 3.5 thousand hectares were used for rice crops. The average yield of cotton in the region was 26.5 C / ha, potatoes-204.5 C / ha, cereals-25.7 C / ha, rice-71.2 C / ha.
The total area of irrigated land in the region is 573.9 thousand hectares, of which 509.1 thousand hectares were used for agricultural crops in 2019, 64.8 thousand hectares were not used (11%).
The land was not used for the following reasons: close occurrence of ground water – 4.9 thousand hectares, salinization-10.5 thousand hectares, low water availability-15.7 thousand hectares, various economic and financial reasons-33.7 thousand hectares.
In the structure of cultivated areas on irrigated lands, the largest area was occupied by cotton crops – 131.3 thousand hectares, vegetables, melons, potatoes-117.7 thousand hectares, forage crops-105.4 thousand hectares, cereals-68.6 thousand hectares, perennial grasses-63.5 thousand hectares. 3.5 thousand hectares were used for rice crops. The average yield of cotton in the region was 26.5 C / ha, potatoes-204.5 C / ha, cereals-25.7 C / ha, rice-71.2 C / ha.
Almaty region
The total area of irrigated land in Almaty region in 2019 was 583.1 thousand hectares, of which 479.4 thousand hectares were used for agricultural crops, 103.7 thousand hectares were not used (18%). The reasons for not developing irrigated land were: flooding and waterlogging - on an area of 6.4 thousand hectares.g a, salinity of the soil cover – 5.5 thousand hectares, economic and financial reasons-65.1 thousand hectares, failures of the irrigation network-26.7 thousand hectares.
On irrigated lands, oilseeds were cultivated on an area of 169.0 thousand hectares, cereals-80.1 thousand hectares, vegetables, melons, potatoes-76.2 thousand hectares, technical - 11.2 thousand hectares, rice crops were occupied by 10.3 thousand hectares. The average yield of soybeans was 20.8 C / ha, wheat-18.8 C / ha, corn for grain-77.8 C / ha, rice-41.6 C/ha, sugar beet – 366.0 C / ha.
Kyzylorda region
The total irrigated area of the region is of 251.0 thousand hectares, of which crops were used 194,5 hectares In 2019 were not used 56.5 thousand hectares of irrigated lands due to: flooding of land – 4,2 thousand hectares, saline – 0.3 thousand ha, malfunction of irrigation and collector-drainage systems is 1.3 hectares, not the security of the command of irrigation canals cheques over 3 thousand hectares and on various economic and financial reasons – 47.7 thousand hectares.
The structure of the area under cultivation was dominated by cereals, vegetables, and forage crops. Grain crops occupied 97.4 thousand hectares of land, of which the area with rice crops reached 87.9 thousand hectares. The average yield of rice was 60.3 C / ha, corn for grain-36 C / ha, winter wheat-25.6 C / ha, barley-8.4 C/ha, millet – 28 C/ha, perennial grasses – 49.5 C/ha, potatoes – 167.5 C / ha.
Zhambyl region
The total area of controlled irrigated land (six administrative districts) in the region is 140.2 thousand hectares, of which 124.8 thousand hectares were used for various crops, and 15.4 thousand hectares (11%) were not used. The land was not used for the reasons: the poor state of on-farm irrigation system – 11,25 thousand ha and salinity of soil is 3.3 thousand hectares, flooding and waterlogging – 0,05 hectares, according to economic-financial reasons – 0.8 hectares. The largest area of unused land was located in the shusky and Talas districts.
In the structure of sown areas, the largest share was occupied by forage crops – 56.3 thousand hectares, vegetables, melons and potatoes were cultivated on 31 thousand hectares, cereals-11.6 thousand hectares and perennial grasses on an area of 5.6 thousand hectares. The average yield of sugar beet reached 301 C / ha, corn for grain-67.5 C / ha, wheat-24.1 C / ha.
Pavlodar region
The total area of irrigated land in the region is 70 thousand hectares . Of these, 50,463 ha were used in 2019.
Including cereals - 11,981 ha, oilseeds-3,503 ha, fodder - 17,669 ha, potatoes-12,241 ha, vegetables and melons-5,069 ha. The area of vapors is 2,065 ha.
In total, 462 units of machinery and equipment for irrigation are used in the region, including 237 units with dispersed irrigation technology from leading foreign companies in Europe, the United States, Canada, and Spain.
According to the Department of agriculture, the region analyzed and identified promising areas for the development of regular irrigation, which will increase the area of irrigation to 144.4 thousand hectares. In total, the region has developed nine projects for 18.8 billion tenge for the introduction of 28.9 thousand hectares of irrigation.
Aktobe region
In Aktobe region, the total area of used land for regular irrigation in 2019 was 29.8 thousand hectares, where potatoes, vegetables,melons, berries and feed were planted and harvested.
At the same time, the region's farms actively use the most modern irrigation technologies: ground and underground drip irrigation, splinker irrigation and sprinkling.
By 2021, it is planned to increase the used area of regular irrigation land in the region to 100 thousand hectares.
Karaganda region
To date, out of the available 91.6 thousand hectares of irrigated land in the region, 61.6 thousand hectares are assigned to agricultural formations. in 2019, 21.6 thousand hectares, or 23%, were sown.
Starting from 2020, the project for the reconstruction and modernization of irrigation systems plans to restore 27.9 thousand hectares of irrigated land, which will increase the area of their use to 50 thousand hectares, or 54.5% of the total area.
In the future, these areas will be used for growing forage crops – 18 thousand hectares(65%), potatoes – 8 thousand hectares (28.6%) and vegetables – 1.9 thousand hectares (6.4%).The Turkestan region
The total area of irrigated land in the region is 573.9 thousand hectares, of which 509.1 thousand hectares were used for agricultural crops in 2019, 64.8 thousand hectares were not used (11%).
The land was not used for the following reasons: close occurrence of ground water – 4.9 thousand hectares, salinization-10.5 thousand hectares, low water availability-15.7 thousand hectares, various economic and financial reasons-33.7 thousand hectares.
In the structure of cultivated areas on irrigated lands, the largest area was occupied by cotton crops – 131.3 thousand hectares, vegetables, melons, potatoes-117.7 thousand hectares, forage crops-105.4 thousand hectares, cereals-68.6 thousand hectares, perennial grasses-63.5 thousand hectares. 3.5 thousand hectares were used for rice crops. The average yield of cotton in the region was 26.5 C / ha, potatoes-204.5 C / ha, cereals-25.7 C / ha, rice-71.2 C / ha.
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